People who visit the doctor with stomach complaints, such as pain in the upper abdomen, belching and nausea, may in rare cases derive their symptoms from a tumor in the esophagus or stomach. To rule that out, one of the possible tests is a gastroscopy, also called an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. With a thin, flexible tube to which a camera is attached. A doctor looks into the esophagus, stomach and first part of the small intestine. Such an examination is unpleasant for the patient and can sometimes cause complications.
Judith de Jong and Marten Lantinga, gastroenterologists in training at the Radboud university medical center, showed in preliminary research that in the majority of the people examined, this unpleasant procedure would not have been necessary in retrospect. Eighty percent of the people who underwent a gastroscopy were found to be suffering from functional stomach complaints: a diagnosis for which a gastroscopy is not necessary. Only less than 1 percent had cancer.
As a result of that study, De Jong and Lantinga scrutinized 119 patients as part of the Dutch “To do or not to do” program. They visited one of the four regional hospitals after being referred for a gastroscopy by their general practitioner. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was immediately scheduled for 57 of the patients, 47 of whom eventually underwent the examination. 62 patients were offered an initial 12-week e-learning period with information about their symptoms, possible causes, and gastroscopy. During and after that period, they could still opt for a gastroscopy.
Of the group of patients who were first offered an e-learning, 38 of 62 patients still had no need for a gastroscopy after 12 weeks. ‘In fact, almost all patients still had no need for a upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after a year, and we did not detect any serious diseases such as cancer in those who waived upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in that year,’ says de Jong. ‘It’s reassuring and in line with expectations that we found few specifics.’
De Jong does place caveats on her results. ‘The people who participate are motivated, because they have already been referred to us by their general practitioner. Our next step is therefore to make our e-learning directly available to everyone who has stomach complaints, via a platform such as Thuisarts.nl. By doing so, we ensure that the patient and the GP can use our e-learning immediately in case of complaints.’
Still, the results show that care in this area can be improved by all means, says Lantinga. We see that the majority of patients with upper gastrointestinal complaints do not require a gastroscopy, and that a large proportion of patients who come to us for a gastroscopy refrain from the examination for a longer period of time. So more insight into this patient group could lead to less inappropriate care.’
The advantage of this is that many patients are spared such an unpleasant examination, and it is clearer for both doctor and patient who needs a gastroscopy. This alternative strategy makes it clearer what is causing the symptoms and how you should act accordingly. If you immediately go for a stomach examination, in many cases that won’t help you any further. Moreover, more efficient selection means that we have more time for those patients with stomach complaints who really need an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and follow-up care.
This study was conducted within the framework of the ‘To do or not to do?‘ program. Publication in JAMA Internal Medicine: Web-Based Educational Intervention for Patients With Uninvestigated Dyspepsia Referred for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Endoscopy – Judith J. de Jong, Marten A. Lantinga, Adriaan C.I.T.L. Tan, Michel Aquarius, Robert C.H. Scheffer, Jan J. Uil, Philip R. de Reuver, Daniel Keszthelyi, Gert P. Westert, Ad A.M. Masclee, Joost P.H. Drenth.
